PERPECT TENSE

A.Present Ferfect Tense
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan, peristiwa, kejadian yang terjadi, pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang atau untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang selesai pada waktu yang singkat (baru selesai).
Formula:
A) S + Have/has + been + …
B) S + have/has + V₃ + …
Pattern B:
Affirmative (+) : S + have/has + V₃
Negative (-) : S + have/has + not + V₃
Introgative (?) : have/has + S + V₃
Example :
(+) I have seen Linda
(-) I haven’t seen Linda
(?) Have you seen Linda?
Pemakaian already (sudah), just (baru saja), ever (pernah), never (tak pernah), since (sejak), for (lama).
Example :
We have already decided to go
She has just come in
I have ever seen the film

B. Past Perfect Tense
Untuk menerangkan kegiatan/peristiwa yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Formula 1: S + had + V₃ + O (+)
Ex: They had visited Paris by the end of the month
Formula 2: S + hadn’t + V₃ + O (-)
Ex: They hadn’t visited Paris by the end of the month
Formula 3: Had + S + V₃ + O (?)
Ex: Had they visited Paris by the end of the month?

C. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Untuk menerangkan hal yang sudah terjadi dan masih berlangsung pada masa lampau.
Pattern (+) :
S + had + been + invinitife + ing + O
Ex : I had been sitting until midnight
Pattern (-) :
S + had not /hadn’t been + infinitife + ing + O
Ex : I hadn’t been sitting until midnight
Pattern (?) :
Had + S + been + infinitife + ing + O
Ex : Had you been reading before you went to bed?
D. Future Perfect Tense
Untuk menerangkan hal yang akan telah terjadi atau dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang.
Pattern (+): S + shall/will + have + V₃ + O
Ex: You will have seen the film three times
Pattern (-): S + shall/will + not + have + V₃ + O
Ex: You will not have seen the film four times
Pattern (?): Shall/will + S + have + V₃ + O
Ex: Will the rain have stopped in a few minutes?

E. Future Perfect Continous Tense
Untuk menerangkan kegiatan/peristiwa yang sudah dan masih ada berlangsung pada waktu yang akan datang.
Pattern (+): S + shall/will + have been + infinitife + ing + O
Ex: By midnight the rain will have been falling four three hours.
Pattern (-): S + shaal/will + not + have been + infinitife + ing + O
Ex: By midnight the rain will not have been falling four three hours.
Pattern (?): shall/will + S + have been + infinitife + ing + O
Ex: Will he have been waiting half on our ?

F. Future Past Perfect Continous Tense
Untuk menerangkan hal yng akan telah sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Pattern (+):
S + should/would + have been + invinitive + ing + O
Ex: By that time we should have been playing cards four three hours.
Pattern (?):
Should/would + S + have been + infinitive + ing + O
Ex: Would Paul have been studying four two hours at this time yesterday?
Pattern (-):
S + should/would + not + have been + infinitive + ing + O
Ex: By last Friday I should not have been salling for.